Frida Kahlo, Mexican Surrealist and Folk Art Painter

Frida Kahlo (July 6, 1907–July 13, 1954), one of the few women painters that many can name, was known for  her surrealistic paintings, including many emotionally intense self-portraits. Stricken with polio as a child and injured badly in an accident when she was 18, she struggled with pain and disability all her life. Her paintings reflect a modernist take on folk art and integrate her experience of suffering. Kahlo was married to artist Diego Rivera. Fast Facts: Frida Kahlo Known For:  Mexican surrealist and folk art painterAlso Known As:  Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderon, Frieda Kahlo, Frida Rivera, Mrs. Diego Rivera.Born: July 6, 1907 in Mexico CityParents: Matilde Calderà ³n, Guillermo KahloDied: July 13, 1954 in Mexico CityEducation: National Preparatory School in Mexico City, entered 1922, studied medicine and medical illustrationFamous Paintings: The Two Fridas (1939), Self Portrait with Cropped Hair (1940), Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird (1940)Awards and Honors: National Prize of Arts and Sciences (conferred by the Mexican Ministry of Public Education, 1946)Spouse: Diego Rivera (m. Aug. 21, 1929–1939, remarried 1940–1957)Children: NoneNotable Quote: I paint my own reality. The only thing I know is that I paint because I need to, and I paint whatever passes through my head without any other consideration. Early Life Kahlo was born in a suburb of Mexico City on July 6, 1907. She later claimed 1910 as her year of birth because 1910 was the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. She was close to her father but not so close to her often-depressed mother. She was struck with polio when she was about 6 years old and while the illness was mild, it did cause her right leg to be withered—which led to the twisting of her spine and pelvis. She entered the National Preparatory School in 1922 to study medicine and medical illustration, adopting a native style of dress. The Trolley Accident In 1925, Kahlo was nearly fatally injured when a trolley collided with the bus on which she was riding. She broke her back, pelvis, collarbone, and two ribs, her right foot was crushed, and her right leg was broken in 11 places. A handrail of the bus impaled her in the abdomen. She had surgeries throughout her life to try to correct the disabling effects of the accident. Diego Rivera and Marriage During the convalescence from her accident, she began to paint. Self-taught, in 1928 Kahlo sought out Mexican painter Diego Rivera, more than 20 years her senior, whom shed met when she was in preparatory school. She asked him to comment on her work, which relied on bright colors and Mexican folk images. She joined the Young Communist League, which Rivera headed. In 1929, Kahlo married Rivera in a civil ceremony despite her mothers protests. The couple moved to San Francisco for a year in 1930. It was his third marriage and he had many affairs, including with Kahlos sister Cristina. Kahlo, in turn, had her own affairs, with both men and women. One of her brief affairs was with American painter Georgia OKeeffe. She changed the spelling of her first name from Frieda, the German spelling, to Frida, the Mexican spelling, in the 1930s as a protest against fascism. In 1932, Kahlo and Rivera lived in Michigan, where Kahlo miscarried a pregnancy. She immortalized her experience in a painting titled, Henry Ford Hospital. From 1937–1939, Leon Trotsky lived with the couple. Kahlo had an affair with the Communist revolutionary. She was often in pain from her disabilities and emotionally distraught from the marriage, and probably addicted to painkillers for a long time. Kahlo and Rivera divorced in 1939, but then Rivera convinced her to remarry the next year. Kahlo made that marriage contingent on remaining sexually separate  and on her financial self-support. Art Success Kahlos first solo show was in New York City, in 1938, after Rivera and Kahlo had moved back to Mexico. She had another show in 1943, also in New York. Kahlo produced many paintings in the 1930s and 1940s, but it was not until 1953 that she finally had a one-woman show in Mexico. Her long struggle with her disabilities, however, had left her by this point an invalid, and she entered the exhibit on a stretcher and rested on a bed to receive visitors. Her right leg was amputated at the knee when it became gangrenous. Death Kahlo died in Mexico City in 1954. Officially, she died of a pulmonary embolism, but some believe she deliberately overdosed on painkillers, welcoming an end to her suffering. Even in death, Kahlo was dramatic; when her body was being put into the crematorium, the heat caused her body to suddenly sit up. Legacy Kahlos work began to come to prominence in the 1970s. Much of her work is at the Museo Frida Kahlo (the Frida Kahlo Museum), also called the Blue House for its cobalt blue walls, which opened in 1958 in her former Mexico City residence. She is considered a forerunner to feminist art. Indeed, Kahlos life was depicted in the 2002 biopic, Frida, starring Salma Hayek as the title character. The film received a 75 percent critics score and an 85 percent audience score on the movie review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes. It also received six Academy Award nominations (winning for Best Makeup and Best Original Score), including Hayeks nomination in the Best Actress category for her dramatic portrayal of the long-departed artist. Sources â€Å"17 Frida Kahlo Quotes to Inspire You to Turn Pain Into Beauty.†Ã‚  Goalcast, 19 Dec. 2018.Anderson, Kelli, and Shovova. â€Å"Art History: The Stories and Symbolism Behind 5 of Frida Kahlos Most Well-Known.â€Å"Major Achievements.†Ã‚  Frida Kahlo.â€Å"MUSEO FRIDA KAHLO.†Ã‚  Frida Kahlo Museum.Paintings.†Ã‚  My Modern Met, 23 Aug. 2018.â€Å"Frida Kahlo and Her Paintings.†Ã‚  Henri Matisse.â€Å"Frida (2002).†Ã‚  Rotten Tomatoes.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Essay example - 1805 Words

Narcissism is the inordinate fascination with oneself; excessive self-love; vanity. The term, narcissism comes, of course, from the Greek myth of Narcissus. Narcissus shunned all the other nymphs until one of them prayers to the goddess of love and made a request that someday narcissus would feel the joy and pain of love. The goddess granted the wish to the nymph and narcissus soon would understand the joy and pain of love. Narcissus went to get a drink of water and saw the most the most beautiful face that he had ever seen; he plunged in to kiss the face but could because it was his own reflection. Narcissus had fallen in love with his self. He lost all importance of food, movement or anything. Narcissus was cursed with the love of his†¦show more content†¦Temperamental breakdowns are also a very a common symptom of people with a narcissistic personality. They are prone to extreme mood swings between self-admiration and insecurity; these people tend to exploit interpersonal relationships. It is more likely for narcissistic behavior to develop in a male/female in their teens or young adult hood. Most narcissistic patients are so young and they don’t realize that they have a personality disorder. Family and friends must realize that Narcissism is not preventable and it’s a disorder that must be dealt with care and sensitivity. It is not best for the family of the patient to take it upon themselves to try and cure the patient but to go to a health professional. Why? Professionals know best. It is possible that families can get opposite effect of what is expected. The patient may feel overwhelmed; especially a teenage patient who might not be stable enough to handle the help of their family. Coming on too strong is never a key; if the patient feels like they’re being attacked then they will retaliate. Lashing out, rebelling and hurting themselves is not uncommon. Cutting is often away to hurt more than themselves. In a Narcissistic pa tients mind they’re getting back at the person who cares about them but is making them feel attacked when really they’re just finding a reason to deal with their insecurities by inflicting pain on their body. This is a non-preventable disorder. The patient must never be blamed because it mayShow MoreRelatedNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1536 Words   |  7 Pages One disorder that interest me would be the Narcissistic Personality Disorder. I find Narcissism interesting because honestly it wasn t until now that I learned it was an actual disorder, I was misled and thought it was just a flaw or bad trait some people possessed. In actuality narcissism makes somebody rude and obsessive over themselves and is a real disorder that you can get diagnosed with. I am also interested in Maslow s hierarchy of needs theory that consist of 5 different sections of motivationsRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pages Narcissistic P ersonality Disorder is a complicated disorder which has many implications for how one might act and think of themselves. It is categorized as a personality disorder in which the person thinks highly of themselves, that they are a superior being. They are often envious or jealous of others, lack empathy, and carry with themselves a sense of entitlement (Maniacci, 2007). Someone with Narcissistic Personality Disorder may expect special treatment from others. For example, they may haveRead MoreWhat Narcissistic Personality Disorder800 Words   |  3 PagesA narcissistic personality disorder is basically a person who feels that they have self-importance. The person thinks that they should have control and power above anything. 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It affects temperament, an individual’s nature pertaining to their permanent behavior, which can be affected through inheritance and their surroundings. In humans, the earliest stages in life affect the development of temperament the most, according to Thomaes et al ( ). It is also understood that the culture and atmosphere surrounding a human affects the maturati on of narcissistic tendenciesRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1176 Words   |  5 Pagesunfortunate and incurable mental illness, known as Narcissistic Personality Disorder. This disorder, otherwise known as, NPD, is a personality trait that reflects an inflated and grandiose self-concept (Buffardi Campbell, 2008). Basically, someone with this disorder thinks very highly of himself or herself, which typically results in a lack of empathy for others. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the preferred treatment for Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) because specific biomedical approachesRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1574 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a continuing pattern of irregular thinking, and behavior. Normal interaction with a narcissist can be difficult and confusing for others. This paper will allow you to identify the signs and symptoms of this disorder, and what interventions or medications to help these individuals, plus the best time to get them to a doctor. *Keywords: Mental Disorder, Signs, Symptoms, Interventions, Medications â€Æ' NPD is portrayed by an enduring pattern of grandiosityRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1612 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder? Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a mental disorder where someone has an exaggerated sense of their own presence, a need for constant admiration from others and they also have a lack of empathy for anyone (Mayo Clinic). A couple questions I have include: How does social media effect society? How does social media have an effect on someone diagnosed with NPD, What are ways you can help someone with NPD, and what are some ways we canRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pageshave narcissistic personality disorder. This personality disorder is defined as, â€Å"...a broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy† (Comer, 2010, p. 531). People with narcissistic personality disorder are convinced of their own greatness; whether it be their success, artistic skill, or beauty. They also require the constant attention and admiration of the people around them. But, this is not all that is involved in this disorder. People with narcissistic personality disorder

To what extent is the car club proposal an appropriate extension strategy for First Cars Plc Free Essays

The main reason why First Cars Plc. should adopt this Car Club proposal is due to the current market position of the firm. The firm’s current market share (in the car rental market) is decreasing due to a leading budget airline offering car rental services to its passengers. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is the car club proposal an appropriate extension strategy for First Cars Plc or any similar topic only for you Order Now The new proposal to target the ‘Car Club’ market would be very beneficial to First Cars as this market is experiencing rapid growth due to the ever rising costs of car ownership (predicted to rise by 20% in the period 2010-14). Early entrance to this market could present an excellent chance to accumulate market share within a market which currently does not have much competition, and with the 2012 Olympic Games just around the corner, this could not have come at a better time. Whereas the current car rental side of the company is losing market share, the Car Club market is predicted to do nothing but grow in size (110% in volume and 300% in value) in the period 2010-14, meaning that this decision could be the difference between a profitable growing business, and a failing one. Another reason why First Cars Plc. should adopt this proposal is because of a grant from the Mayor of London. This  £1.5m grant is for the creation of car club bays within the inner-city area of London (the main area being considered for the scheme), and would potentially reduce the costs of setting up the infrastructure for the Car Club scheme to operate. This would have a great impact on the business as one of the main costs to this scheme would be adequate parking within the area. The fact that the grant is from the Mayor of London will also generate publicity for the company, which is always a good thing. Finally, this is suggested as a pilot scheme. In the unlikely event that this scheme does not prove successful, First Cars Plc. can always fall back on their existing services, although they will be in a large amount of debt. One reason against the plan is the financial implications for the firm. The training budget for the Car Club is  £400,000, over 10 times more that their current spend on training. The budget for marketing is three times the size, and the average staff salary is predicted to rise by around  £10,000. When considering these figures one has to question the feasibility of this scheme. This is a large outlay for a ‘pilot’ scheme and the company has ‘limited financial reserves’. This scheme would also fall within the ‘New Product Development’ area of Ansoff’s matrix, an area with a large amount of risk. The plan also suggests that management should operate in a decentralised manner. This means that instead of a couple of senior managers being responsible for the whole company, control is spread across a larger number of employees. This is a different method to their current centralised management style and means that the senior managers currently in control of the company would lose part their control of the business. As the company is new to this management style, it is quite risky. Poor decisions could be made by inexperienced staff and could lead to disaster. The case study also states that Amy is ‘keen to make a big impact within the business quickly’. Does this mean that she has rushed these plans in order to achieve this? Has she doctored the figures in order to progress the scheme forward and impress her superiors? This could mean that the business is moving into a new market based on data which is not even correct. Overall I do not think that First Cars Plc. should adopt the Car Club Proposal. The idea looked initially promising; an emerging market which is predicted to grow by 300% in value, with little competition at present. These suggestions are all around figures that Amy has put together however. Without the knowledge that Amy may be biased with her predictions, this would appear to be a very good proposal. However, the depth and accuracy of the plan is vital to ensure the success of the business and as this has been brought into question, I would have to say that I do not recommend that First Cars Plc. should progress any further with this proposal until at least this data has been checked and agreed by the directors. How to cite To what extent is the car club proposal an appropriate extension strategy for First Cars Plc, Papers

Repeat After MeThe Taming of the Shrew Essay Example For Students

Repeat After MeThe Taming of the Shrew Essay As she screams at her father Katherine says â€Å"What will you not suffer me? Nay now I see She is your treasure, she must have a husband; I must dance barefoot on her wedding day, And for your love to her lead apes in hell† (Shakespeare 35). Katherine knows that her father favors Bianca because she is a goody two shoes of daughter. Kate expresses her feelings of having to be married off first because nobody in town wants her as a wife. Kate does not believe that she should be offered as a wife and then backed up with a dowry. She is quite opinionated about this, with no fear of who knows or not. Katherine’s views and beliefs of marriage and life set her apart from other women in Padua. Women, such as Bianca, simply go along with marriages and abide by what their husbands’ request. She is the one woman no man has been able to tame, and no man has wanted to. The town sees her as callous, sharp-tongued, and unmannerly, until Petruchio comes along to woo her. At th e end of Shakespeare’s play The Taming of the Shrew it seems as though Petruchio has tamed Kate but in actuality she has simply learned to play his game and tell him what he wants to hear. After Kate’s father agrees to her marriage, Petruchio sets off to find Katherine and tell her the news. Upon finding her, they argue back and forth, teasing one another with playful words. This is where Petruchio decides he will make a decent wife out of Kate. He comes right out and tells her â€Å"And bring you from a wild Kate to a Kate, conformable as other Kates†(45). Petruchio believes that Kate will be tamed and will become the wife he wants through his loving guidance. The wedding day arrives but the groom does not. Petruchio is very late and this puts Kate in an awful mood. She rants on about the marriage as she awaits his arrival. Declaring herself Kate says:No shame but mine. I must, forsooth, be forced to give my hand opposed against my heart unto a mad-brained rudesby full of spleen, who wooed in haste and means to wed at leisure. I told you, I, he was a frantic fool . . . Now must the world point at poor Katherine and say, â€Å"Lo, there is mad Petruchioà ¢â‚¬â„¢s wife, If it would please him come and marry her!† (54)In this passage Katherine is first subjected to Petruchio’s plan for taming her. Angered by his actions she tells the townsfolk of her objection to this marriage. Kate believes that she should be in love with whom she wants to marry, but this is obviously not the case with Petruchio. She explains that he will make an awful husband due to his actions and his motive for even marrying her in the first place. She is embarrassed on her very own wedding day and is ashamed of Petruchio. After the wedding is over, Kate and Petruchio return to his home in the country. Petruchio begins to tell his servants all about his plan for Kate. He explains â€Å"Another way I have to man my haggard, to make her come and know her keeper’s call: that is, to watch her, as we watch these kites that bate and beat and will not be obedient† (70). Referring to Kate as a hawk that will obey its owner’s request, he knows that she will eventually obey his request just as the bird obeys. By keeping close watch over her actions Petruchio will have say on what she can or cannot do. This will teach her to become submissive to his every word. Kate is still disagreeable when Petruchio tells her of the trip to Padua for her sister’s wedding. He warns her and says â€Å"Look what I speak, or do, or think to do, you are still crossing it. -Sirs, let’t alone. I will not go today, and ere I do it shall be what o’clock I say it is† (83). At this point K ate catches on to Petruchio’s plan and begins to play along with him. She has figured out that if she tells Petruchio what he believes is right that she will be able to live in peace. Kate begins her plan to show Petruchio that she has been tamed. .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 , .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .postImageUrl , .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 , .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8:hover , .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8:visited , .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8:active { border:0!important; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8:active , .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8 .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ed94cfd565fc4bb2c2c4f36c6f2abe8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Morality and Politics in Nazi Germany and Stalinis EssayAs they begin their trip to Padua an argument occurs which gives Kate the perfect chance to show off to Petruchio. Petruchio insists that the moon is out when it is clearly the moon, Kate replies â€Å"And it be moon, or sun, or what you please; An if you please to call it a rush candle, Henceforth I vow it shall be for me† (87). Petruchio is amazed by this sudden obedience that Kate displays towards his comments. He continues his charades and Kate agrees to everything he says, even calling an old man a fair, young maiden. This pleases Petruchio very much for he feels that he has succeeded at a monumental task. The two continue on to Padua for the wedding. Everyone at the wedding is full of comments for Petruchio and Kate. The wedding party tells of how Kate is a shrew and how hard it must be for Petruchio to keep her as a wife. Petruchio tells them of her taming and they all disagree at the very concept. Petruchio sends Kate and the other two wives away to the lounge. He then bets that his wife is not the greatest shrew, and that she will come upon request before the other two wives. Laughing at the very idea the other two men place their bets and the contest begins. The first two wives reply that they are busy and will come later. Kate rushes into the room immediately after she heard of her husband’s command. Everyone in the room is amazed. Petruchio has her summon the other two wives and tells Kate to speak of how they must love and obey their husbands. Scorning the other wives, Kate conveys her views and says â€Å"Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee . . .† (103). Kate speaks of the duties of a husband and his duty to his wife. One shall devote themselves to him and abide by his word without protest. For he protects his wife and cares for her. â€Å"And not obedient to his honest will, what is she but a foul contending rebel and graceless traitor to her loving lord? I am ashamed that women are so simple† Kate asserts (103). She simply states that women should obey their husbands, for it is the least they could do. For he provides for her and looks after her and all he asks is for loyalty. Kate can not comprehend how that is too much to ask. She bows down to Petruchio while telling the other wives to â€Å"place your hand below your husband’s foot, in token of which duty, if he please, my hand is ready; may it do him ease† (103). Kate believed it was her duty as a wife to serve her husband the best she could and that would be all he would ever need. Loyalty was all Petruchio had wanted from the beginning but he had gained so much more. During Kate’s taming she strived to make peace with Petruchio so that they might live together side by side without argument. She merely wanted him to care for her and treat her like a wife. So kate figured him out and played along with him, but never intended to fall in love with him. In the play, Shakespeare never really said if she loved him or not. Her speech had such heartfelt emotion buried between each line that it is hard to imagine it was all an act. Petruchio may have wanted her to talk of being a proper wife but even he was amazed by her speech. At his command she spoke of loyalty, but from her heart she spoke of love. Shakespeare, William. The Taming of the Shrew. Ed. David Bevington. A Bantam Classic. New York: Bantam books, 1980. .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 , .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .postImageUrl , .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 , .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0:hover , .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0:visited , .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0:active { border:0!important; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0:active , .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0 .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4c79e4e980aa2be5a08a32a815503ac0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wffrfrg EssayBibliography:

7S Model Management

Question: Write the student's whole journey on 7s Model in the course of Management in Business Administration? Answer: The students journey is describing by the Mckinsey 7S model are following: Fig 1: Mckinsey 7S model Source: The 7s model is describing the students whole journey in the course of management in business administration. Structure: In UK, the duration of the course in MBA is of two years. The structure of the course is decided by the university in UK. In the course of study, I was asked to choose a particular subject as my major and as a minor. There were different subjects like finance, marketing, operations, systems etc. I have selected marketing as my major and fianc as my minor. In the marketing filed, there are lot of scope for improving and gaining knowledge from the field. However, in the fianc industry, the companies are asking for candidates who have the proper experience and knowledge in the fianc industry. The companies are expecting a vigorous knowledge from the candidate in the finance sector. It is the only reason I was selected marketing as my major. Systems: In the UK University, there are different systems to study. In the course of study there are four semesters all total. In the first year, there was two semesters after every six months. Per semester, two exams were conducted by the university. The study level of the university was very high. If I have to get a good score, then I have to perform well to compete with others so that I can get a good placement after the end of the course. In the UK University, the MBA program is very popular due to the increasing market scenario. In the industry, there are increasing demands in the market for the marketing professionals. Therefore, the students are more prone to join the MBA program in the UK University. Style: The style of the management is unique in the UK University. I was looking for a type of university, where I should get proper cooperation and coordination from the management and from the teachers of the university. That will help us to enrich our knowledge in the MBA program (Abosag and Lee, 2013). The management was increasing their hands towards the students of the university. They are helping the students with proper information given by the teachers or the management itself. I was very happy to choose this university to do my MBA program. Staff: The teachers of the university were very helpful with the students in the university. If I was facing any problems during the course of my study, then the teachers does not hesitate to help me at any point of time. They are providing a solution to every student in the university so that the students can perform well in the universities exams. The management staffs in the university are also very helpful. They are providing us proper guidance, so that we can receive proper and exact information like holidays, exam routine, about the fees structure. Skills: The university is selecting the students according to their skills and knowledge in the previous course they are completed and from the extracurricular activities. For the MBA program, the students have to have knowledge in the business activities so that they can brush up their knowledge with updated skills that they have got from the university. In the course of MBA program, the university is taking several rounds to select the candidates from several countries for MBA program. The rounds like group discussion, personal interview etc. in the industry, if someone wants to survive, and then they should have the knowledge and practical experience to enter into the market. In this program, I have achieved several skills like leadership skills, managing skills etc. another most important skills is communication skills that I have improved during the study of my course. Strategy: In the MBA program, we have to use several strategies that help us in to gain practical knowledge in the industry. The teachers of the university have made several strategies, on how to increase the study level that helps the students improving their knowledge and skills. As a student, I was expected to see this kind of efforts that teachers were putting to help the students Barnes, et al, 2010). In the industry, the companies are asking the students on how to implement a strategy in the market place without getting the practical knowledge in the course program. Then we have to implement our skills and knowledge to explain the strategies that we have leaned in the course of study. Shared values: in the course of the study, I was not only learn the professional skills and knowledge but also have leaned several values and thoughts. After getting several knowledge and skills from the course of study, we need to implement this as a practical knowledge in the industry. The market needs professional skills and knowledge from the candidate. Whatever I have learned in the course of study, I have to use this at the time of interview. The values and knowledge whatever I have learned I should use this in my whole journey. This McKensey 7s model explains the total knowledge, and skills that I have gained in my course of study.In the UK University, there are different systems to study. In the course of study there are four semesters all total (Bradley, et al, 2012). In the first year, there was two semesters after every six months. Per semester, two exams were conducted by the university. The study level of the university was very high. If I have to get a good score, then I have to perform well to compete with others so that I can get a good placement after the end of the course. In the UK University, the MBA program is very popular due to the increasing market scenario (Brashear, et al, 2009). In the industry, there are increasing demands in the market for the marketing professionals. Therefore, the students are more prone to join the MBA program in the UK University. For the MBA program, the students have to have knowledge in the business activities so that they can brush up their knowledge with updat ed skills that they have got from the university (Cai, et al, 2013). In the course of MBA program, the university is taking several rounds to select the candidates from several countries for MBA program. The rounds like group discussion, personal interview etc. in the industry, if someone wants to survive, and then they should have the knowledge and practical experience to enter into the market (Choi, et al, 2012). In this program, I have achieved several skills like leadership skills, managing skills etc. another most important skills is communication skills that I have improved during the study of my course. As I have selected marketing as my major, so in the marketing filed I have to acquire management skills to manage the people properly. In the marketing industry, I have to know the different skills and knowledge about the marketing mix So that I can convince the people easily. The managing skill is very necessary in any type of industry. I have to acquire, several knowledge an d different strategies to manage the people in the industry (Desai, et al, 2012). The companies are approaching only those people who have the managing skills and good communication skills. the leadership skills are very necessary for the people who are about to join or have the experience in the industry. If I have the leadership skills then I have the power to take decisions on behalf of the management. While studying MBA for 2 years, I have asked to choose a particular subject as my major and a minor. I have gone through various learning process and training process to improve my skills such as managerial skills, leadership skills (Dyer and Chu, 2011). The rounds like group discussion, personal interview etc. in the industry, if someone wants to survive, and then they should have the knowledge and practical experience to enter into the market. In this program, I have achieved several skills like leadership skills, managing skills etc. another most important skills is communication skills that I have improved during the study of my course (Eastman and Liu, 2012). The faculties of my university were very helpful and guided me to improve my skills and knowledges so that the knowledges and the skills will help me to implement it in the professional life. In the MBA program, we have to use several strategies that help us in to gain practical knowledge in the industry. The teachers of th e university have made several strategies, on how to increase the study level that helps the students improving their knowledge and skills. As a student, I was expected to see this kind of efforts that teachers were putting to help the students (Eng and Bogaert, 2010). In the industry, the companies are asking the students on how to implement a strategy in the market place without getting the practical knowledge in the course program. Then we have to implement our skills and knowledge to explain the strategies that we have leaned in the course of study. The course of MBA helps us to enrich our knowledge in the MBA program. The management was increasing their hands towards the students of the university. They are helping the students with proper information given by the teachers or the management itself (Fang, et al, 2008). I was very happy to choose this university to do my MBA program. I have gained several knowledge and skills in the study of the course. The communication skills: The communication skill is the major thing that I need to improve. Without the communication skills, no one can survive in the industry. The manager of the organization use communication skills to operate the business activities. The company should train their employees and the other staffs in the communications skills so that they can improve it to accomplish the tasks or objectives in the organization (Gallagher, et al, 2008). I have to improve this skill to enrich my knowledge in the professional industry so that I can survive in the competitive world. Managing skills: As I have selected marketing as my major, so in the marketing filed I have to acquire management skills to manage the people properly. In the marketing industry, I have to know the different skills and knowledge about the marketing mix So that I can convince the people easily (Gauzente and Roy,2012). The managing skill is very necessary in any type of industry. I have to acquire, several knowledge and different strategies to manage the people in the industry. The companies are approaching only those people who have the managing skills and good communication skills. Leadership skills: the leadership skills are very necessary for the people who are about to join or have the experience in the industry (Goldsmith, et al, 2010). If I have the leadership skills then I have the power to take decisions on behalf of the management. The leader is very important in any organization. The leader is giving the instructions to their staffs and employees in the organization. The leader of the team or the organization should select a proper strategy for the organization so that the employee of the origination can accomplish the task or objectives to increase the profitability of the company. Team building skills: I need to improve my team building skills to enrich my career in the professional industry (Gurau, 2012). The leader should have the team building capacity in the organization, so that the employee of the organization can make strategies with the help of the team leader. If the leader of the organization should have the team building skills then the company can achieve their target in the organization So that I have to enrich my skills and knowledge in this skill. Innovative skills: I have to improve my skills and knowledge in the innovation. In the industry, we have to have knowledge in the innovation skills. The innovative skills and knowledge is necessary to make a new strategy that is suitable for the origination (Ha, et al, 2011). The manager of the company should be innovative in making strategies so that the company can increase their sales volume and the profitability for the company. Reference List: Abosag, I. and Lee, J.W. (2013), The formation of trust and commitment in business relationships in the Middle East: understanding El-Moone relationships. International Business Review, 22(3), 602-614 Barnes, D. C., Beauchamp, M. B., and Webster, C. (2010), To delight, or not to delight? This is the question service firms must address, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 18(3), 275-283 Bradley, G. L., and Sparks, B. A. (2012), Explanations: if, when, and how they aid service recovery, Journal of Services Marketing, 26(1), 41-51. Brashear, T., Kashyap, V., Musante, M., and Donthu, N. (2009, A profile of the internet shopper: evidence from six countries, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 17(3), 267-281 Cai, S., Gohn M., de Souza, R. and Li, G. (2013). Knowledge sharing in collaborative supply chains; twin effects of trust and power. International Journal of Production Research, 51(7), 2060-2076 Choi, Y.H., Souiden, N. and Skandrani, H. (2012). The differential impact of trust types on inter-firm relationships: some empirical evidence from the Japanese eyeglass industry. Asian Business and Management, 11(5), 541-562 Desai, P.S., Bell. D., Lilien. G., and Soberman, D. (2012) The Science-to Practice initiative: Getting new marketing science thinking in to the real world. Marketing Sci. 31(1):13 Dyer, J. and Chu, W. (2011), The determinants of trust in supplier-automaker relationships in the U.S., Japan and Korea, Journal of International Business Studies, 42(1), 28-34 Eastman, J. K., and Liu, J. (2012), The impact of generational cohort on status consumption: an exploratory look at generational cohort and demographics on status consumption, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(2), 93-102. Eastman, J. K., Iyer , R., and Wiggenhorn, J. M. (2010), The short-term impact of Super Bowl advertising on stock prices: An exploratory event study, Journal of Applied Business Research, 26(6), 69-84 Eng, T-Y, and Bogaert, J. (2010), Psychological and cultural insights into consumption of luxury western brands in India, Journal of Customer Behaviour, 9(1), 55-75 Fang, E., Palmatier, R. W., and Evans, K. R. (2008), Influence of customer participation on creating and sharing of new product value, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(3), 322-336 Gallagher, D., Ting, L. and Palmer, A. (2008) A journey into the unknown: Taking the fear out of structural equation modeling with AMOS for the first-time user. The Marketing Review, 8(3), 255-275. Gauzente, C., and Roy, Y. (2012), Message content in keyword campaigns, click behavior, and price consciousness: a study of millennial consumers, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(1), 78-87. Goldsmith, R. E., Flynn, L. R., and Kim, D. (2010), Status consumption and price sensitivity, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 18(4), 323-338 Gurau, C. (2012), A life-stage analysis of consumer loyalty profile: comparing generation X and millennial consumers, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(2), 103-113. Ha, B.C., Park, Y.K. AND Cho, S. (2011), Suppliers affective trust and trust in competency in buyers, International Journal of Operations Production Management, 31(1): 56-77.

Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement The WritePass Journal

Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement Introduction Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction Men and their reputations are well known throughout the civil rights movement. McNair-Barnett conducted a study with interviewees from her research in to the movement and asked them who they considered to be the top ten important individual leaders in the movement. 81 individuals were names, 27.2 per cent were women compared to 72.8 per cent of men (McNair Barnett, 1993). It is clear that men were also more focused on in terms of the press and people in the movement. There are many different reasons that could possibly account for this. The women’s liberation movement did not begin in American until the late 1960’s; therefore it was hard for women to have a role in the civil rights movement as an established leader. Also, at the time of the movement, men would have had to lead due to gender bias’ at the time for he movement to have made progress and begin to generate change. As a product of time, men were at he forefront whilst women were more of than not behind the scenes. Typically, men tended to front organisations such as The Congress of Racial Equality and the Nation Association for The Advancement of Coloured People. Men in these roles often controlled meetings and made decisions over policies and movement strategies. Women however, were not in such high profile roles and tended to stay behind the scenes as found by Sacks study (Barnett, 1997). Women typically organised events, and worked in clerical and secretarial roles in order for the movement organisations to run as smoothly as possible. As a result, women have often not been given the recognition that they deserve. Ella Baker in particular has not been recognised for her tireless efforts throughout the civil rights movement. She has been described as â€Å"a largely unsung hero of the Civil Rights Freedom Movement who inspired and guided emerging leaders† (ellabakercenter.org). Baker also acquired the nickname ‘Fundi’ from her time as an activist. ‘Fundi’ is a Swahili word meaning a person who teaches a craft to the next generation (REF), giving a slight indication as to how important her role in the civil rights movement was. Ella Josephine baker was born on December 13th 1903, in Raleigh, North Carolina. She grew up listening to her grandmother’s experiences growing up on slave plantations. Ella Baker attended Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina and regularly challenged university policies that she thought were unfair, she graduated as class valedictorian in 1927. After graduating, Baker worked in editorial roles, particularly for the American West Indian News from 1928-1930 and the Negro National News in 1932. Baker had befriended George Schulyer, who founded the Young Negroes Cooperative League together with Baker in 1931, and became its national director (Mueller in Crawford, 1993). This led to her employment with New Deals Works Progress Association bringing people together through collective buying. It was during her time with New Deals Works Progress that Baker was exposed to newer radical ideas surrounding social change. (Ella baker quote in Mueller in Crawford about time in NY) In 1938 Baker joined the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People and stressed the importance of young people and women in the organisation. However, it has been suggested that Baker was against the NAACP’s traditional strategy of appealing to the professional ranks in society to lead the masses (Elliot, 1996). Elliot believes that Ella Bakers philosophy was â€Å"power to the people† (Elliot, 1996). Baker believed that people had to help themselves in order to discover solutions to their problems, she believed that â€Å"oppressed people, whatever their level of formal education have the ability to understand and interpret the world around them, to see the world for what it is, and move to transform it† (www.ellabakercenter.org). by 1941, Baker had become an assistant field secretary of the NAACP. Whilst with the NAACP, baker helped to organise voter registration drives, and actively campaigned for school desegregation and was against police b rutality issues. In the late 1940’s Baker had become a field secretary for the New York Branch of the NAACP and had become â€Å"the NAACP’s most effective organiser† (www.blackpast.org). Ella Baker in an interview with Gerda Lerner, a historian, described her role in the NAACP; â€Å"you would deal with whatever the local problem was and on the basis of the needs of the people you would try to organise them in the NAACP† (Lerner, 1972, p.347). Baker worked well in the NAACP, hence her reputation. She believed that â€Å"you relationships to human beings was more important than your relationship to the amount of money you made† (Cantarow and Omally, p.60). It was perhaps this belief that made her such a central organiser within the NAACP, as she had a very down to earth view of the world and equality, and as a result, was able to work with all people from different walks of life when travelling through the south as a field secretary for the NAACP. Baker left her role as field secretary in 1946 to care for her niece in New York but remained a volunteer, she became its president in 1952 but resigned in 1953 to run for the New York City Council, but it was unsuccessful (Ransby, 2003, p.14). In 1955, Ella Baker, along with Bayard Rustin and Stanley Levison co founded the organisation ‘In Friendship’ to raise money to fight against Jim Crow laws in the south (Payne, 1989). However, it was not until 1957 when she became involved with another prominent organisation in the movement. Baker moved to Atlanta, to help organise the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with Martin Luther King. Baker was the associate director of the SCLC (Elliot, 1996) and was involved with the day to day running of the organisation and the office. Ella Baker later became the SCLC’s Acting Executive Director. The Civil Rights Movement was a largely church based movement and as a result, Baker was never considered a legitimate leader, as she had not descended from clergy or church hierarchy; she was Acting Executive Director until a suitable leader was found. Mueller suggests, â€Å"her policy suggestions for greater emphasis on local organising and the inclusion of Women a nd youth were largely ignored† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.62). Ella Baker was aware of this discrimination in the SCLC though when she was asked why she decided to leave the SCLC she replied; â€Å"in the first place, I had known, number one that there would never be any role for me in a leadership capacity with the SCLC. Why? First I’m a woman. Also, I’m not a minister† (Robnett, 1996). Female status in the movement was gained through acts of courage and positions of power were through community work or extraordinary activism, not through church hierarchy, the way men gained leadership was more often than not through church hierarchy in terms of the clergy. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that women weren’t aware of their positions as secondary to the roles of men. Victoria Gray recalls â€Å"there are just so few places where historically the black male could have any authority, if you will. That is not an accident, I assure you. Where that was possible the community supported that† (Robnett, 1997, p.41). Gray suggests that women supported men in positions of power, despite that often meaning that women would come secondary to them. Bernice Johnson Reagon claims â€Å"as an empowered human being I never experienced being held back† (Robnett, 1997, p.37). Whilst these women appear to be unaware of the gender bias at the time, there were women in the spotlight who were aware of the constraints of both race and gender. Dorothy Height, a well known woman in the movement, said the main downside to being a female leader amongst men, was that it was â€Å"sometimes hard for them to realise the importance of womenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights†(www.onlinenewshour.com) Martin Luther King Jr acknowledged â€Å"women, while capable of leadership, did not and should not exercise this ability by choice† (Robnett, 1996). It was difficult for women to hold positions of power during the movement, as women’s liberation had not yet begun. However, Dorothy Cotton an activist in the movement recalls; â€Å"Men were programmed to be chauvinistic, but we allowed it too, women deferred to their husbands† (Robnett, 1997, p.43), indicating that a separation of male and female roles in the movement was a product of the time. The post-war era continued the public and private sphere ideology; men and women had their separate roles in separate aspects of life. It is important to realise that men had found themselves in a position of power after so long of having no access to any form of power and therefore the chance to lead was an opportunity that was too good to turn down. Clyde Franklin believes a reason for this is that â€Å"in America, blac k males have only been ‘men’ for about twenty years† (Ling, YR. p.6). After the Greensboro Sit-Ins in 1960, where black members of society sat in segregated white areas in Woolworth stores across America, two months in to the sit-ins, they had spread to 54 cities in 9 states (www.sitins.org). By July 1960, Woolworth stores had agreed to integrate the lunch counter at the Greensboro store. It was after this that Baker realised people were determined to make a change, and called together 300 students for the South wide Student Leadership Conference on Non-violent Resistance to Segregation, which later changed it’s name to Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. Elliot suggests that students of the SNCC trusted Ella Baker because of instead of dictating policy she guided students to solutions (Elliot, 1996). This could, however, be due to her time spent at The Highlander Folk School. The Highlander Folk School was geared towards teaching African-Americans how to read in order to enable them to progress and to empower black communities to furthe r develop more local leaders. Mueller believed that is was Bakers aim to â€Å"help local leaders develop their own leadership potential† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.58). In Bakers time with the SNCC, she had an active role in coordinating the nationwide freedom rides of 1961, where blacks were to ride busses in to southern states sat in areas of the public busses that had previously been reserved for white passengers (Carson). In 1964, Baker also helped to organise the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.   The party was not seated with delegation but held an influence over the Democratic Party to elect black leaders in Mississippi, which forced a rule change to allow women and minorities to sit as delegates at the Democratic National Convention (FIND REF). Whilst working with the SNCC Baker also worked o the staff of the Southern Conference Education Fund from 1962-1967, which aimed to bring black ad white people together to work for social justice. In her time on the staff of the SCEF, Baker took part in a speaker tour to reunite black and whites and co-hosted important meetings on the links of civil rights and civil liberties (Ransby, 2003). Ella Baker was a strong advocate of Participatory Democracy that was popular during the 1960’s. Participatory Democracy had three main aims focused on participation. The first was an appeal for the grass roots involvement of those in society over decisions that control their own lives. The next step is to minimize hierarchy and emphasis on expertise and professionalism as a basis for the election of a leader. The third main emphasis was to call for direct action as an answer to fear, alienation, and intellectual detachments. Mueller notes, â€Å"participatory democracy legitimized an active public voice† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.52). Participatory democracy is evident in Bakers style of activism; particularly through the way in which she encouraged members of the SNCC to find solutions to their problems rather than to dictate the solutions to them. Baker believed that â€Å"the major job was getting people to understand that they had something in their power that they could use, and it could be used if they understood what was happening and how group actions count counter violence† (www.ellabakercenter.org) showing how focused she was on the grass roots involvement of people in the movement. Ella Bakers role in the Civil Rights Movement was essential. Her behind the scenes activism challenged and helped to change the society of America. By Helping to organise voter registration drives she enabled black people of America to have the right to vote in elections, and her role as field secretary of the NAACP helping southern states through the organisation to solve local issues in order to unite a front against national issues. Her co-founding of ‘In Friendship’ also geared towards those in the Jim Crow stricken states in the south where systematic segregation and racism was often stronger than in the northern states. Her organisation of the SNCC was groundbreaking; changing the way people though out solutions to their problems. It was perhaps her role in the SNCC where her strong advocacy for participatory democracy shines through, as she aimed to guide rather than dictate. Shyrlee Dallard sums up the effort of Ella Baker, writing â€Å"for Ella Baker, organisi ng was more than a job† (Dallard, 1990, p.6). Baker put her heart and soul in to organising events and organisations geared towards changing American society in to an equal society. The Ella Baker Center is dedicated to leading in the way that Ella Baker did, to encourage people to work towards professional opportunities in order to better themselves and their local communities through the running of various campaigns. The Heal the Streets Campaign trains people to act against violence in Oakland, Illinois. The center is dedicated towards the following of Ella Baker’s philosophy, ‘Power to The People†. Bibliography Cantarow, E. O’Mally, S. (1980) Moving the Mountain: Women working for Social Change. Old Westbury. Feminist Press. Dallard, S. (1990) Ella Baker: A Leader Behind The Scenes. New Jersey, Silver Burdett Press. Elliot, A. (1996) Ella Baker: Free Agent in the Civil Rights Movement. Journal of Black Studies Vol, 26. No.5. pp.593-603 [JSTOR] Lerner, G. (1972) Developing Community Leadership in Black Women in White America. Pantheon, New York. Ling, J.P. Monteith, S. (2004) Gender and The Cvil Rights Movement. Rutgers: University Press McNair-Barnett, B. (1993) Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement: The Triple Constraints of Gender Race and Class. Gender and Society. Vol, 7. No.2 pp.162-182 Mueller, C. Ella Baker and the origins of ‘Participatory Democracy’ in Crawford, V. (1993) Women in the Civil Rights Movement Trailblazers and Torchbearers 1941-1965. Indiana University Press. Indiana. Payne, C. (1989) Ella Baker and Models of Social Change. Signs. Vol, 14. No.4. Ransby,   B. (2003) Ella Baker and The Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. University of North Carolina Press. Robnett, B. (1996) African American Women in The Civil Rights Movement 1954-65 Gender Leadership and Micro Mobilisation. AJS Vol,1. No.6. pp.1661-1693 Robnett, B. (1997) 1st edn. How Long? How Long? African American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights. Oxford. Oxford University Press. www.ellabakercenter.org [accessed april 10th 2011] www.sitins.com [accessed april 12th 2011] blackpast.org/?q=aah/baker-ella-1903-1986 sitins.com/timeline.shtml

Lost in Yonkers essays

Lost in Yonkers essays (Read this play cause my group preformed it, Extra Credit.) It is 1942, Eddie, a widower is forced to face his mother and persuade her to take care of his two sons for a year while he travels to his new defense job to earn money for his family. There in Yonkers we meet Aunt Bella, who seems to be absent minded, but still has a good heart. Also Uncle Louie, a small time gangster, and Aunt Gert, who was forced as a child to hold her breath while she slept which caused her to forget to stop talking when she was breathing in. Grandma Kurnitz is made of steel, born out of a resolve to survive and live through the pain of survival. The main characters of the read were Jay, Arty, Uncle Louie, Eddie, Aunt Bella, Aunt Gert, and Grandma Kurnitz. Jay, is Eddies son and Arties older brother. He is in him early teens and wants to help out his father all he can, being the naive kid he is, he thinks he can leave Yonkers and go out and start his own life and make money to help out his father. Arty is Jays younger brother and has more of a sense of humor than Jay does. Hes got a fire to him that most kids his age dont have, his sarcasm through out the book was very funny at some times. Like Jay their Uncle Louie also intimidates him. Uncle Louie is a small time gangster with bigger projects on his mind. In his mind he is none other than Humphrey Bogart. He is in trouble with some bad company and decides to hide out for awhile at his mothers house. While there he teaches Jay and Artie what he thinks life is all about. They sneak out at night and steal ice cream from Grandmas store. Aunt Bella is a kind-hearted woman with finding true love always on her mind. She is a little slow upstairs, you might say that the wheel is still turning but the hamster is dead. Because of this she tends to be less afraid of spiting her mother. I think we could produce this play at Lehi high ...